حل الأزمات: الفساد الإداري نموذجاً

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1- ??????? ???????? / ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????(???????) ?? ??????? - ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????- ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????.
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4-??????? ????????? (????????) ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????.
5- ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 2003
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1- ?????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???.
2- ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? systematic corruption: ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????.
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1- ?????? ??????? Political Corruption: ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????.
2- ?????? ?????? / Financial Corruption: ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???.
3-?????? ??????? Managerial Corruption: ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????.
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